INDIAN AGRICULTURE : FACTS, INFORMATION
About 50 percent people of India are dependent on agriculture for their daily expenses. Almost every type of food grains are produced by Indian farmers.
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| Indian Field |
- India ranks second in agricultural output and India is in top five positions for about 80 percent of products produced from farm.
- The major research institute for agricultural research is ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural Research)
- In India, there are mainly three seasons for agriculture - Kharif (July - October), Rabi (October to March), Zaid (March to June)
- The main food grain of India is rice. India ranks second worldwide in rice production. West Bengal is the top state in rice production followed by Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, and Bihar. Yield wise, Tamilnadu ranks first in rice production. Central rice research institute is located in Cuttack, Odisha.
- India ranks fourth in wheat production. Uttar Pradesh is the highest wheat producing state of India followed by Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, and Haryana.
- Some of the millets produced in India are Bajra, Jowar, Ragi. Maharashtra is the highest Jowar producer in India. In Bajra production Rajasthan and in Ragi production Karnataka ranks first.
- India is the second most tea producing country and in India Assam is the most tea producing state. Karnataka is the highest coffee producing state.
- Sugarcane is one of the main crops produced by India. Uttar Pradesh is the key state in producing sugarcane. Central research centre for sugarcane in located in Lucknow.
- Cotton and Jute are the main fiber crops produced in India. Maharashtra is the largest producer of cotton and West Bengal is the largest producer of Jute.
DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CROPS
| CATEGORY | CROPS |
| FOOD CROPS | RICE, WHEAT, MAIZE, JOWER, BAJRA, RAGI, |
| CASH CROPS | SUGRCANE, POPPY |
| PLANTATIONS | COFFEE, TEA, RUBBER |
| FIBRE CORPS | JUTE, COTTON, SILK |
| OIL SEEDS | LINSEED, GROUNDNUT, MUSTARD, SESAME, SUNFLOWER |
| SPICES | PEPPER, TURMERIC, GINGER |
| HORTICULTURE | APPLE, PEACH, ALMOND, MANGO, BANANA |
MAJOR CROPS PRODUCING STATES OF INDIA
| Crops | States |
| Rice | West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab |
| Wheat | Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh |
| Sugarcane | Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka |
| Jowar | Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Gujarat |
| Bajra | Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat |
| Ragi | Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamilnadu |
| Tea | Assam, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh |
| Coffee | Karnataka, Kerala, Tamilnadu |
| Cotton | Maharashtra, Gujarat |
| Jute | West Bengal, Bihar, Assam |
| Rubber | Kerala, North East States |
| Silk | Karnataka, Kerala |
| Maize | Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar |
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